the time dependent chaotic behavior seen in many fluid flows

Turbulence is the time-dependent chaotic behavior seen in many fluid flows.

an irregular motion of the air

Basically, turbulence is an irregular motion of the air, according to the National Weather Service.

a flow regime characterized by chaotic property changes

In fluid dynamics, turbulence is a flow regime characterized by chaotic property changes.

air movement that normally cannot be seen

According to the Australian Government Civil Aviation and Safety Authority, turbulence is air movement that normally cannot be seen.

a natural occurrence, as the aircraft maneuvers through various air conditions

Turbulence is a natural occurrence, as the aircraft maneuvers through various air conditions.

one of those great and complex unsolved problems of physics

Turbulence is one of those great and complex unsolved problems of physics.

a fluid flow in which layers mix together via eddies and swirls

Turbulence is a fluid flow in which layers mix together via eddies and swirls.

a state of a system with many degrees of freedom deviated far from equilibrium

Turbulence is a state of a system with many degrees of freedom deviated far from equilibrium.

a movement of the air

Turbulence is movement through the air and constitutes a disturbance to the system.

a perfectly normal part of flying caused by nature

turbulence is a perfectly normal part of flying caused by nature.

bumpiness caused by flight into an area where wind is changing over a small distance

From a meteorological perspective, turbulence is bumpiness caused by flight into an area where wind is changing over a small distance.

an everyday phenomenon that we see in the curls of smoke rising from a fire or in the cream we stir into our morning coffee

Turbulence is an everyday phenomenon that we see in the curls of smoke rising from a fire or in the cream we stir into our morning coffee.

a fact of daily life

For many, turbulence is a fact of daily life, yet daily life is also one of the most poorly understood ...

a physically degenerate state

Turbulence is a physically degenerate state in the same way that heat is the most degenerate form of energy into which all other forms eventually descend.

one way by which to break down the energy

– Turbulence is one way by which to break down the energy.

one of the most unpredictable atmospheric events

In aviation, turbulence is one of the most unpredictable atmospheric events, and while most events are just a minor inconvenience or jolt, jolt can be significant enough to cause damage to the aircraft or severe anxiety and even injury to jolt's passengers on board.

one of the least understood parts of the physical world

Yet familiarity hasn’t bred knowledge: Turbulence is one of the least understood parts of the physical world.

the leading cause of injuries to passengers and crew aboard commercial aircraft

Turbulence is the leading cause of injuries to passengers and crew aboard commercial aircraft, according to the Federal Aviation Administration.