fluid flows

Turbulence is commonly observed in everyday phenomena such as surf, fast flowing rivers, billowing storm clouds, or smoke from a chimney, and most fluid flows occurring in nature or created in engineering applications are turbulent.

air movement that normally cannot be seen and often occurs unexpectedly

Turbulence is air movement that normally cannot be seen and often occurs unexpectedly.

movement of surrounding air

Turbulence is movement of surrounding air, which normally is invisible.

chaotic property changes in the flow

In aerodynamics, turbulence is characterized by chaotic property changes in the flow.

time-dependent chaotic behavior

Turbulence is the time-dependent chaotic behavior seen in many fluid flows.

the time dependent chaotic behavior seen in many fluid flows

Turbulence is the time-dependent chaotic behavior seen in many fluid flows.

one of those great and complex unsolved problems of physics

Turbulence is one of those great and complex unsolved problems of physics.

irregular atmospheric motion

Merriam-Webster defines turbulence as irregular atmospheric motion especially when characterized by up-and-down currents.

irregular movement due to differences in air pressure or temperature

Turbulence is the irregular movement due to differences in air pressure or temperature.

when fluids - liquids or gases - flow at high speeds

Turbulence is a ubiquitous physical phenomenon observed when fluids - liquids or gases - flow at high speeds.

a fluid flow in which layers mix together via eddies and swirls

Turbulence is a fluid flow in which layers mix together via eddies and swirls.

movement caused from chaotic or non-deterministic motion or property changes

Turbulence is movement caused from chaotic or non-deterministic motion or property changes.

a flow regime

In fluid dynamics, turbulence is a flow regime characterized by chaotic changes in pressure and velocity that forms big or small structures.

the leading cause of injuries to passengers and crew aboard commercial aircraft

Turbulence is the leading cause of injuries to passengers and crew aboard commercial aircraft, according to the Federal Aviation Administration.

an everyday phenomenon that we see in the curls of smoke rising from a fire or in the cream we stir into our morning coffee

Turbulence is an everyday phenomenon that we see in the curls of smoke rising from a fire or in the cream we stir into our morning coffee.

flow dominated by recirculation, eddies, and apparent randomness

Turbulence is flow dominated by recirculation, eddies, and apparent randomness.

a pocket of air that causes an aircraft to suddenly jump up and down

Turbulence is the name for a pocket of air that causes an aircraft to suddenly jump up and down.

a subtle and multi-faceted phenomenon

Turbulence is a subtle and multi-faceted phenomenon which touches many related areas and many related areas's study is widely considered one of the most important fields in classical physics.

characteristic state of flows with sufficiently high speeds, or high Reynolds numbers

Turbulence is a characteristic state of flows with sufficiently high speeds, or high Reynolds numbers.

pockets of air which are at different densities

Fundamentally, turbulence is just pockets of air which are at different densities.